EPIRB (406 MHz) Category II
A Category II EPIRB is manually activated and manually released from its bracket rather than floating free from a hydrostatic release, so it depends on someone reaching it and pulling it clear before the ship goes down.
Read more — EPIRB (406 MHz) Category II explained ▾
What sets Category II apart
A Category II EPIRB is manually activated and manually released from its bracket; it will not float free and self-activate if the ship sinks, unlike a Category I EPIRB, which sits in a hydrostatic release unit and releases automatically. Category II beacons are typically fitted where a Category I is not required by the vessel's SOLAS category, or as a secondary manually-carried beacon in addition to a Category I unit on the same vessel.
Main components
Beacon body and battery
A watertight housing containing the transmitter, GNSS receiver, and a dedicated primary battery sealed for a shelf life typically around five years, after which the battery, and often the whole unit, must be replaced regardless of how little it has been used.
406 MHz distress transmitter
Transmits a digitally coded distress burst on 406 MHz to the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system, encoding the vessel's identity so a rescue coordination centre can trace the ship even before voice contact is made.
Integrated GNSS position
Modern units include a GPS or GNSS receiver that embeds position in the 406 MHz distress message, cutting the time to an accurate fix from the older Doppler-only satellite method, which could take an orbit pass or more, down to the first transmission.
121.5 MHz homing signal
A secondary low-power homing transmission on 121.5 MHz lets search aircraft and vessels close in on the beacon's exact position using a direction-finding receiver once the search area has been narrowed by the 406 MHz alert.
Manual bracket
Category II beacons are stowed in a bracket on the bridge or another accessible position for quick manual release; the crew must physically retrieve and activate the unit, so bracket accessibility and a clear release action matter as much as the beacon itself.
Regulations and class
SOLAS Ch. IV sets carriage requirements for EPIRBs by ship category and area of operation; GMDSS regulations require the beacon to be registered with the national beacon registry so a Cospas-Sarsat alert resolves immediately to vessel identity and an emergency contact. Battery expiry date is checked at annual radio survey, and an expired battery is a deficiency even if the beacon still passes a self-test.
Typical faults
- Battery past expiry date: beacon may still self-test but cannot be relied on for full transmission duration in an actual distress.
- Registration details out of date, such as an old vessel name or contact number: delays rescue coordination even after a valid alert.
- Corroded or seized bracket release mechanism: beacon cannot be freed quickly in an emergency.
- GPS antenna or receiver fault: beacon transmits a distress alert without position, forcing rescuers to rely on satellite Doppler positioning alone.
- Self-test not performed as part of routine checks: a failing beacon is only discovered during an actual emergency.
What to look for in a supplier
- Cospas-Sarsat type approval certificate for the specific model and, where relevant, flag administration acceptance.
- Battery and unit expiry clearly marked, with a straightforward replacement process rather than a full unit return for minor servicing.
- Support for updating registration details when the vessel is sold or reflagged.
- Self-test function that checks transmitter, GPS, and battery condition without triggering an actual satellite alert.
Run the self-test monthly and log it: a Cospas-Sarsat alert that resolves to outdated contact details wastes exactly the minutes a real distress cannot spare.
20 manufacturers · 34 models
McMurdo
4- Battery expiry or degradation reduces endurance and may cause failed self-test or low-battery indication
- Antenna damage or poor deployment reduces transmitted signal effectiveness and may be visible during inspection
- Water ingress or corrosion damages electronics and can cause failed self-test or unreliable activation
- Manual or automatic release mechanisms can seize or be incorrectly fitted, preventing proper deployment
- Incorrect programming, identification data or registration can complicate distress identification even when the beacon transmits
- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
- Battery deterioration prevents reliable emergency endurance and is identified during inspection or self-test
- Antenna damage or corrosion reduces transmission reliability and can cause failed self-test indication
- Water ingress or damaged seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation or failure
- Hydrostatic-release or mounting defects on float-free units prevent correct deployment
- Programming or registration mismatch results in incorrect vessel identity data
- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
ACR Electronics
3- Battery or power-supply deterioration caused by age, poor charging or connection faults can produce low-voltage alarms, failed self-tests or inability to transmit
- Antenna, feeder or connector damage caused by corrosion, water ingress or mechanical stress can reduce range or prevent transmission and reception
- Programming or configuration errors after replacement can produce identity, channel or communication faults even when the hardware powers up
- Control, display or internal electronics faults caused by ageing or moisture can result in failed tests, unreadable indications or intermittent operation
- Release, mounting or protective enclosure problems on emergency equipment caused by corrosion or damage can prevent correct deployment or leave the unit physically insecure
- Expired or degraded battery capacity from age or poor storage causes failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition reduces transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation
- Expired or degraded battery capacity from age or poor storage causes failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition reduces transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation
Ocean Signal
3- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
- Battery or power-supply deterioration caused by age, poor charging or connection faults can produce low-voltage alarms, failed self-tests or inability to transmit
- Antenna, feeder or connector damage caused by corrosion, water ingress or mechanical stress can reduce range or prevent transmission and reception
- Programming or configuration errors after replacement can produce identity, channel or communication faults even when the hardware powers up
- Control, display or internal electronics faults caused by ageing or moisture can result in failed tests, unreadable indications or intermittent operation
- Release, mounting or protective enclosure problems on emergency equipment caused by corrosion or damage can prevent correct deployment or leave the unit physically insecure
Becker Marine
2- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
- Battery depletion or expiry caused by age, self-discharge or poor storage, resulting in failed self-test or reduced emergency endurance
- Antenna or housing damage caused by impact, corrosion or water ingress, resulting in poor transmission or failed self-test
- Activation-switch, release or mounting failure caused by corrosion, contamination or mechanical damage, resulting in inability to activate or release the unit as intended
- Programming or identity error caused by incorrect replacement or configuration, resulting in incorrect identification being transmitted or recorded
- Internal electronic or self-test failure caused by component faults, resulting in warning indications or inability to complete the approved test
Cobham SATCOM / Sailor
2- Battery expiry or deterioration, typically indicated by failed self-test, low-battery indication or expired service marking
- Antenna or housing damage, typically indicated by failed self-test, poor transmission or visible damage
- Water ingress/corrosion, typically indicated by intermittent operation or self-test failure
- Hydrostatic release or bracket fault on float-free units, typically indicated by expired/damaged release or inability to deploy automatically
- Registration/programming or GNSS acquisition issue, typically indicated by incorrect identity data, position not acquired or test discrepancy
- Battery expiry or deterioration, typically indicated by failed self-test, low-battery indication or expired service marking
- Antenna or housing damage, typically indicated by failed self-test, poor transmission or visible damage
- Water ingress/corrosion, typically indicated by intermittent operation or self-test failure
- Hydrostatic release or bracket fault on float-free units, typically indicated by expired/damaged release or inability to deploy automatically
- Registration/programming or GNSS acquisition issue, typically indicated by incorrect identity data, position not acquired or test discrepancy
Furuno
2- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
- Battery deterioration prevents reliable emergency endurance and is identified during inspection or self-test
- Antenna damage or corrosion reduces transmission reliability and can cause failed self-test indication
- Water ingress or damaged seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation or failure
- Hydrostatic-release or mounting defects on float-free units prevent correct deployment
- Programming or registration mismatch results in incorrect vessel identity data
GME
2- Battery depletion or expiry caused by age, self-discharge or poor storage, resulting in failed self-test or reduced emergency endurance
- Antenna or housing damage caused by impact, corrosion or water ingress, resulting in poor transmission or failed self-test
- Activation-switch or release-mechanism failure caused by corrosion, contamination or mechanical damage, resulting in inability to activate or release as intended
- Programming or identity error caused by incorrect replacement or configuration, resulting in wrong identification being transmitted or recorded
- Self-test or internal electronic failure caused by component faults, resulting in warning indication or inability to complete the approved test
- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
Jotron
2- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
- Battery depletion or expiry caused by age, self-discharge or poor storage, resulting in failed self-test or reduced emergency endurance
- Antenna or housing damage caused by impact, corrosion or water ingress, resulting in poor transmission or failed self-test
- Activation-switch, release or mounting failure caused by corrosion, contamination or mechanical damage, resulting in inability to activate or release the unit as intended
- Programming or identity error caused by incorrect replacement or configuration, resulting in incorrect identification being transmitted or recorded
- Internal electronic or self-test failure caused by component faults, resulting in warning indications or inability to complete the approved test
Orolia / Kannad
2- Battery expiry or deterioration, typically indicated by failed self-test, low-battery indication or expired service marking
- Antenna or housing damage, typically indicated by failed self-test, poor transmission or visible damage
- Water ingress/corrosion, typically indicated by intermittent operation or self-test failure
- Hydrostatic release or bracket fault on float-free units, typically indicated by expired/damaged release or inability to deploy automatically
- Registration/programming or GNSS acquisition issue, typically indicated by incorrect identity data, position not acquired or test discrepancy
- Battery expiry or deterioration, typically indicated by failed self-test, low-battery indication or expired service marking
- Antenna or housing damage, typically indicated by failed self-test, poor transmission or visible damage
- Water ingress/corrosion, typically indicated by intermittent operation or self-test failure
- Hydrostatic release or bracket fault on float-free units, typically indicated by expired/damaged release or inability to deploy automatically
- Registration/programming or GNSS acquisition issue, typically indicated by incorrect identity data, position not acquired or test discrepancy
Samyung
2- Battery depletion or expiry caused by age, self-discharge or poor storage, resulting in failed self-test or reduced emergency endurance
- Antenna or housing damage caused by impact, corrosion or water ingress, resulting in poor transmission or failed self-test
- Activation-switch, release or mounting failure caused by corrosion, contamination or mechanical damage, resulting in inability to activate or release the unit as intended
- Programming or identity error caused by incorrect replacement or configuration, resulting in incorrect identification being transmitted or recorded
- Internal electronic or self-test failure caused by component faults, resulting in warning indications or inability to complete the approved test
- Battery deterioration prevents reliable emergency endurance and is identified during inspection or self-test
- Antenna damage or corrosion reduces transmission reliability and can cause failed self-test indication
- Water ingress or damaged seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation or failure
- Hydrostatic-release or mounting defects on float-free units prevent correct deployment
- Programming or registration mismatch results in incorrect vessel identity data
Denki Kogyo
1- Expired or degraded battery capacity caused by age or poor storage can produce failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition can reduce transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals can cause corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation when required
Icom Marine
1- Battery deterioration prevents reliable emergency endurance and is identified during inspection or self-test
- Antenna damage or corrosion reduces transmission reliability and can cause failed self-test indication
- Water ingress or damaged seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation or failure
- Hydrostatic-release or mounting defects on float-free units prevent correct deployment
- Programming or registration mismatch results in incorrect vessel identity data
Musson Marine
1- Battery deterioration prevents reliable emergency endurance and is identified during inspection or self-test
- Antenna damage or corrosion reduces transmission reliability and can cause failed self-test indication
- Water ingress or damaged seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation or failure
- Hydrostatic-release or mounting defects on float-free units prevent correct deployment
- Programming or registration mismatch results in incorrect vessel identity data
Navico
1- Battery depletion or expiry caused by age, self-discharge or poor storage, resulting in failed self-test or reduced emergency endurance
- Antenna or housing damage caused by impact, corrosion or water ingress, resulting in poor transmission or failed self-test
- Activation-switch or release-mechanism failure caused by corrosion, contamination or mechanical damage, resulting in inability to activate or release as intended
- Programming or identity error caused by incorrect replacement or configuration, resulting in wrong identification being transmitted or recorded
- Self-test or internal electronic failure caused by component faults, resulting in warning indication or inability to complete the approved test
Simrad
1- Battery depletion or expiry caused by age or storage conditions, noticed from the service marking or failed self-test
- Antenna or casing damage caused by impact, weather or poor stowage, noticed visually or through failed self-test
- Activation mechanism failure caused by corrosion or mechanical damage, noticed during approved testing
- Incorrect registration, identity or pairing caused by administrative/configuration error, noticed when equipment data do not match vessel records
- Water ingress caused by damaged seals, noticed as corrosion, fogging or failed test
SOS Marine
1- Antenna, feeder or casing damage reduces communication or locating performance and can cause self-test faults
- Battery, emergency-power or power-supply deterioration causes resets, low-voltage alarms or failure to operate
- Water ingress or corrosion causes intermittent operation, damaged connectors or internal faults
- Configuration, registration or identity errors cause incorrect vessel or beacon information
- Internal transceiver, display or control faults cause failed self-tests, missing communications or unavailable emergency functions
Standard Horizon
1- Expired or degraded battery capacity from age or poor storage causes failed self-tests or reduced emergency operating capability
- Antenna damage, corrosion, or poor deployment condition reduces transmission or homing performance
- Water ingress or damaged housing seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation, or failed self-test
- Incorrect registration, programming, or position-data interface can result in missing or incorrect identification or location information
- Release bracket, hydrostatic release, activation switch, or lanyard defects can prevent proper deployment or activation
Taiyo
1- Battery deterioration prevents reliable emergency endurance and is identified during inspection or self-test
- Antenna damage or corrosion reduces transmission reliability and can cause failed self-test indication
- Water ingress or damaged seals causes corrosion, intermittent operation or failure
- Hydrostatic-release or mounting defects on float-free units prevent correct deployment
- Programming or registration mismatch results in incorrect vessel identity data
Weatherdock
1- Battery or power-supply deterioration caused by age, poor charging or connection faults can produce low-voltage alarms, failed self-tests or inability to transmit
- Antenna, feeder or connector damage caused by corrosion, water ingress or mechanical stress can reduce range or prevent transmission and reception
- Programming or configuration errors after replacement can produce identity, channel or communication faults even when the hardware powers up
- Control, display or internal electronics faults caused by ageing or moisture can result in failed tests, unreadable indications or intermittent operation
- Release, mounting or protective enclosure problems on emergency equipment caused by corrosion or damage can prevent correct deployment or leave the unit physically insecure
WMB Marine
1- Battery expiry or degradation reduces endurance and may cause failed self-test or low-battery indication
- Antenna damage or poor deployment reduces transmitted signal effectiveness and may be visible during inspection
- Water ingress or corrosion damages electronics and can cause failed self-test or unreliable activation
- Manual or automatic release mechanisms can seize or be incorrectly fitted, preventing proper deployment
- Incorrect programming, identification data or registration can complicate distress identification even when the beacon transmits