OceanSphereENGINES

20

Main Engine 4-Stroke · Main Engines (4-Stroke)

Technical data from manufacturer or class sources · not yet verified by a person​​‍​⁠⁠⁠​​‍‌​⁠‍⁠‌‍‌​‍
4 / 9Cylinders
200 mmBore
280 mmStroke
Per manufacturer datasheetCapacity
MDO/HFOMedium

The Wärtsilä 20 is a medium‑speed four‑stroke marine diesel/dual‑fuel main engine series (200 mm bore × 280 mm stroke) offered in 4L‑9L per cylinder variants, operating at 900–1200 rpm and delivering up to ~220 kW per cylinder.

Specifications

Technical data.reference — unverified

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Bohrung × Hub200 × 280 mm
Hubraum pro Zylinder8,8 l
Leistung pro Zylinder (aktuell)185-220 kW (abhängig von Variante/Drehzahl)
Verdichtungsverhältnis15:1
Spezifischer Brennstoffverbrauch (SFOC)186-187 g/kWh (ISO-Bedingungen)
Motorkonfigurationen4L20, 5L20, 6L20, 8L20, 9L20 (nur Reihe)
Gewichte (Reihe-Motor)4L20: 6,8 t | 6L20: 8,3 t | 8L20: 10,5 t | 9L20: 11,1 t
Gewichte (Stromerzeuger)4L20: 14,0 t | 6L20: 16,8 t | 8L20: 20,7 t | 9L20: 23,8 t
Kolben-Mittenfluß-Geschwindigkeit8,4 m/s (900 rpm), 9,3 m/s (1000 rpm)
Ventile pro Zylinder2 Einlass + 2 Auslass
Configuration4-Takt, nicht-umkehrbar, turbogela­den & Ladeluftkühlung, Direkteinspritzung
Ausführungen verfügbarDiesel (W20) & Dual-Fuel (W20DF, seit 2011)
Liefermenge seit 1990er>7500 Motoren insgesamt; >6000 W20DF-Einheiten
Speed (rpm)900/1000
Available as genset outputYes
Service

Service notes.

What our service work and the manufacturer documentation say about keeping this model running.

Commonly maintained by scheduled minor and major overhauls according to Wärtsilä running-hour plan.

Inspection

Inspector Detail ✓ verified

Common issues

  • Injector fouling leading to poor combustion and high EGTs.
  • Exhaust valve wear and burning, often exacerbated by HFO operation or poor fuel quality.
  • Cooling water leakage at cylinder head gaskets or O-rings, potentially leading to water in lube oil.
  • Turbocharger fouling (compressor/turbine side) and bearing wear, impacting engine performance.
  • Piston ring sticking or excessive wear, causing increased blow-by and lube oil consumption.
  • Main and crankpin bearing wear, particularly if lube oil quality or filtration is compromised.
  • Fuel pump element wear or leakage, affecting fuel delivery and cylinder balance.

Inspection checklist

  • Visual inspection for fuel, lube oil, and cooling water leaks around cylinder heads, injectors, fuel pumps, and pipe connections.
  • Monitor exhaust gas temperatures (EGTs) for consistency across cylinders; significant deviation indicates combustion issues or valve problems.
  • Check crankcase breather for excessive blow-by, indicating piston ring wear or damage.
  • Inspect turbocharger for unusual noises, oil leaks at seals, and cleanliness of air filter and compressor/turbine blades (if accessible).
  • Verify lube oil pressure and temperature are within specified operating limits.
  • Check fuel filter differential pressure; high DP suggests clogging and potential fuel starvation.
  • Test engine safety devices (overspeed, low lube oil pressure, high cooling water temperature shutdowns) for functionality.
  • Inspect cooling water system for proper expansion tank level, pump noise, and filter differential pressure.
  • General cleanliness and housekeeping around the engine, ensuring no combustible materials or oil spills.

Service intervals

Fuel Injector Overhaul3,000 - 6,000 running hours
Cylinder Head Overhaul (valves, springs, seats)8,000 - 12,000 running hours
Fuel Pump Overhaul8,000 - 12,000 running hours
Piston Withdrawal & Inspection16,000 - 24,000 running hours
Main & Crankpin Bearing Inspection24,000 - 36,000 running hours
Turbocharger Overhaul12,000 - 24,000 running hours

Typical wear limits

Cylinder Liner WearMax 0.6 - 0.8 mm ovality or diameter increase from new.
Piston Ring Axial ClearanceMax 0.15 - 0.2 mm increase from new in groove.
Crankshaft DeflectionMax 0.05 mm (difference between readings at various crank positions).
Main/Crankpin Bearing ClearanceMax 0.15 - 0.25 mm (depending on bearing size).
Exhaust Valve Seat RecessionMax 0.5 - 1.0 mm from cylinder head surface.
Fuel Injector Opening Pressure+/- 5-10 bar from specified nominal pressure.

Ranges are typical for this design class. Always confirm against the manufacturer documentation for your serial number.

Critical spares

  • Fuel Injector (complete unit or nozzle/needle valve)
  • Exhaust Valve (or complete cylinder head assembly)
  • Piston Rings (at least one complete set per cylinder)
  • Main and Crankpin Bearing Shells (one complete set)
  • Fuel Pump Element and Delivery Valve
  • Gasket and O-ring kit for cylinder head and fuel system maintenance
  • Fuel and Lube Oil Filters (primary and secondary)
  • Turbocharger Bearing Cartridge

Safety

  • High-pressure fuel line leaks: A significant fire hazard, especially with HFO. Ensure spray shields are intact.
  • Hot surfaces: Exhaust manifold, turbocharger, and uninsulated pipes pose burn risks. Verify insulation integrity.
  • Crankcase explosions: Risk from oil mist ignition. Ensure crankcase relief valves are clear and functioning.
  • Rotating machinery: Flywheel, coupling, and fan belts present entanglement hazards. Guards must be in place.
  • Noise and vibration: Prolonged exposure can cause hearing damage. Ensure ear protection is used and vibration levels are monitored.

Class survey

Class surveyors typically verify the engine's compliance with statutory and classification rules. Key checks include: verification of planned maintenance system (PMS) records and running hours; crankshaft deflection measurements (as per class schedule); inspection and testing of safety devices (overspeed, low lube oil pressure, high cooling water temperature shutdowns, emergency stops); general condition of the engine, absence of leaks, and cleanliness; integrity of fuel oil and lube oil systems (piping, bunkering arrangements, fire prevention measures); exhaust gas system integrity (insulation, expansion joints); main bearing and crankpin bearing inspection (at specified intervals, often coinciding with major overhaul); cylinder liner wear measurements; and functionality of local and remote controls.

Estimated lifetime: 24,000 - 36,000 running hours before major overhaul (piston withdrawal, bearing inspection)

Spares

Replacement Parts

Spare parts notes

Injector sets, exhaust valves, head gasket kits, filters, thermostats and turbocharger overhaul kits are common stock items.

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